Abstract: Self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology is not only the foundation of national prosperity, but also the key to national security. In the Party's century-old history, the process of self-reliance in science and technology has gone through the period of embryonic beginning, initial exploration, formation and development, and maturity and improvement. In the process, the science and technology strategy progresses from“learning and imitation”to“independent innovation”, from“government domination”to“cross-sector coordination”and from“single policy”to“multi-policy combinations”. In the progress of sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement, the following experiences take shape: the Party’s leadership being the fundamental guarantee, developing for the people being the fundamental position, sci-tech talent cultivation being the key approach, and following an independent path being the basic strategy.

Key words: sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement, independent innovation, progress, characteristics, experience